Mechanical and organic solidarity are two concepts developed by French sociologist Emile Durkheim to explain the social cohesion in society. These concepts have been applied to the study of mass communication and the role it plays in shaping and maintaining social cohesion.
Mechanical solidarity refers to the sense of social cohesion that is created by the similarity and interdependence of individuals within a society. In societies with mechanical solidarity, individuals have similar beliefs, values, and customs, and they rely on one another for survival. Mass communication in these societies is typically focused on reinforcing and promoting these shared beliefs, values, and customs.
On the other hand, organic solidarity refers to the sense of social cohesion that is created by the division of labor and the interdependence of individuals within a society. In societies with organic solidarity, individuals have different roles and responsibilities, and they rely on one another for survival. Mass communication in these societies is typically focused on informing and educating individuals about their roles and responsibilities, and providing them with the information they need to perform their roles effectively.
In modern societies, mass communication plays an important role in shaping and maintaining both mechanical and organic solidarity. For example, the mass media can be used to reinforce shared beliefs, values, and customs, and to promote a sense of belonging among individuals within a society. At the same time, mass communication can be used to inform and educate individuals about their roles and responsibilities, and to provide them with the information they need to perform their roles effectively.
However, the mass media can also be a source of conflict and division, particularly when it comes to issues such as politics, religion, and social issues. In these cases, the media may reinforce existing stereotypes, promote divisive messages, and contribute to the polarisation of public opinion.
In conclusion, mechanical and organic solidarity are two concepts developed by Emile Durkheim to explain the social cohesion in society. Mechanical solidarity refers to the sense of social cohesion that is created by the similarity and interdependence of individuals within a society, while organic solidarity refers to the sense of social cohesion that is created by the division of labor and the interdependence of individuals within a society. Mass communication plays an important role in shaping and maintaining both mechanical and organic solidarity in society, but it can also be a source of conflict and division.